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п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (`sarge') п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Alpha
Глава 5 - п╖я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╢п╬ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄ п╬ sarge

5.1 п≤п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟я┘ Python

п²п╦ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ python2.X п╦п╥ п©п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╦ sarge п╫п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ "profile" п╦ "pstats", я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╦я┘ п╩п╦я├п╣п╫п╥п╦я▐ п╫п╣ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│п╡я┐п╣я┌ DFSG (п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╟ #293932 я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣). п╜я┌п╦ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╡ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ python-profiler п╦ python2.X-profiler п╦п╥ я│п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ non-free п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟ Debian.

5.2 Upgrading to a 2.6 kernel

The 2.6 kernel series contains major changes from the 2.4 series. Modules have been renamed and a lot of drivers have been partially or sometimes almost completely rewritten. Upgrading to a 2.6 kernel from an earlier version is therefore not a process to be undertaken lightly. This section aims to make you aware of some of the issues you may face.

п■п╩я▐ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟, п╪я▀ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╫п╣ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪ п╡п╟п╪ п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ я│ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡я│п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ woody п╫п╟ sarge. п║п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╬я─п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я│ п╡п╟я┬п╦п╪ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪ (п╦п╩п╦ я│ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪ 2.4 п╦п╥ sarge), п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╢п╬ 2.6.

п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬, я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╬п╧ я▐п╢я─п╟ 2.6 я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ module-init-tools. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐п╣я┌ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╦ modutils п╢п╩я▐ я▐п╢п╣я─ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ 2.6. п÷я─п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╩я▌п╠п╬пЁп╬ п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ kernel-image module-init-tools п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ kernel-image п╬я┌ п╫п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│я▐я┌.

п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ LVM, я┌п╬ п╢п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╡п╟п╪ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╫п╟п╢п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ lvm2, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ я▐п╢я─п╬ 2.6 я│п╟п╪п╬ п©п╬ я│п╣п╠п╣ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ LVM1. п■п╩я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╟п╪ LVM1 п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ dm-mod п╦п╥ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ lvm2. п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ lvm10 п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐я┌я▄, я│я├п╣п╫п╟я─п╦п╦ п©п╣я─п╡п╦я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я┌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я▐я┌ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ LVM.

п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ /etc/modules (я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧, п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п©я─п╦ я│я┌п╟я─я┌п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀), п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╩п╦я│я▄. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╫п╟п╢п╬ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄.

п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ 2.6, п╫п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╬п╧ я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╫п╣я┐п╢п╟я┤п╦ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬. п▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╠я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╡ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╟ п╣я│я┌я▄ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌я▀ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬, п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│я┌п╟я─п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟. п■п╬я│я┌п╟п╫я▄я┌п╣ "я│п©п╟я│п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌" п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌я┐ п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨ п╫п╟ я┌п╬я┌ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╢я─я┐пЁ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟я│я┌я│я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╟.

5.2.1 п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀

The most invasive change in the 2.6 kernels is a fundamental change of the input layer. This change makes all keyboards look like "normal" PC keyboards. This means that if you currently have a different type of keyboard selected (e.g. a USB-MAC or Sun keyboard), you will very likely end up with a non-working keyboard after rebooting with the new 2.6 kernel.

п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╥п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ п╡п╟я┬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─ п©п╬ SSH, п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▌, п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╡ dpkg-reconfigure console-data п╦ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╡ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я┐ "pc" п╦п╥ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╟ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─.

п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╟ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п©я─п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦, я┌п╬, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п©я─п╦п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦ п╢п╩я▐ X Window System. п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╬п╪ dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©я─я▐п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╟п╡п╨п╬п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ /etc/X11/XF86Config-4. п²п╣ п╥п╟п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я┤п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╨я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я├п╦я▌, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ я┐п©п╬п╪я▐п╫я┐я┌п╬ п╡ п÷п╣я─п╣п╢ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╬п╧, раздел 4.3.2.

п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╟ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬ USB, я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╟ п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╨п╟п╨ "я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╟я▐ PC", п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╨п╟п╨ "п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╟ USB-MAC". п▓ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣ п╥п╟я┌я─п╬п╫п╣я┌.

5.2.2 п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ п╪я▀я┬п╦

п≤п╥-п╥п╟ я┌п╣я┘ п╤п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п©я─п╦п╢я▒я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ X Window System п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ gpm. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╫п╟ я▐п╢я─п╬ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ 2.6 п╡п╟я┬п╟ п╪я▀я┬я▄ п©п╣я─п╣я│я┌п╟п╩п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄, я┌п╬ я█я┌п╬, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╦п╪я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│п╡п╟ п╪я▀я┬п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╩п╬я│я▄. п∙я│п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╪я▀я┬п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╟ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ п╡п╦п╢п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ - я┌п╬ п╦п╪я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ я┌п╬п╤п╣ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄я│я▐.

5.2.3 Sound configuration

For the 2.6 kernel series the ALSA sound drivers are preferred over the OSS sound drivers. If you install alsa-base, ALSA modules for your soundcard should be loaded automatically; this will also automatically blacklist OSS modules for discover and hotplug to prevent them from loading. If you have OSS modules listed in /etc/modules, you should remove them.

udev - я█я┌п╬ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪, я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ devfs п╫п╟ я┐я─п╬п╡п╫п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧. devfs, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┤п╦ я│п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ /dev, п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я▒я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ я▐п╢я─п╟. п·п╫п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╡п╥п╟п╦п╪п╬п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╪ hotplug п╢п╩я▐ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╨ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п÷п╟п╨п╣я┌ udev я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│ я▐п╢я─п╟п╪п╦ я│п╣я─п╦п╦ 2.6.

п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ udev п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ (п╨ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─я┐, п╬п╫ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ gnome), я┌п╬ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡п╣я─п╬я▐я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п©п╬я│п╩п╣ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╬п╢п╟ п╫п╟ я▐п╢я─п╬ 2.6 п╬п╫ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╫п╟я┤п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄.

п╔п╬я┌я▐ udev п╦ п╠я▀п╩ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╬я┌я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫, я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫я┐я┌я▄ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬п╧ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п╖п╟я┴п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨п╦ п╡я▀п╥п╡п╟п╫я▀ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡п╩п╟п╢п╣п╩я▄я├п╟ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟. п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫я▀ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, /dev/video п╦ /dev/radio).

п▓я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╬п╧ udev. п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ - п╡ udev(8) п╦ /etc/udev.