п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (`sarge') п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Alpha
Глава 2 - What's new in Debian GNU/Linux 3.1

п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─ п╫п╣ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦п╩я│я▐ я│ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╟ (Debian GNU/Linux 3.0, woody). п▓п╬я┌ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╧ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─:

• Intel x86 ('i386')
• Motorola 680x0 ('m68k')
• Alpha ('alpha')
• SPARC ('sparc')
• PowerPC ('powerpc')
• ARM ('arm')
• MIPS ('mips' (Big endian) п╦ 'mipsel' (Little endian))
• Intel Itanium ('ia64')
• HP PA-RISC ('hppa')
• S/390 ('s390')

п▒п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╢я─п╬п╠п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦ я│п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╨ п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀п╪ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╟ п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ Debian.

п▓ п╢п╦я│я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╦п╡ Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Alpha п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╬ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ 2.4.27.

On the Alpha architecture a 2.6 kernel is also available; this has kernel version 2.6.8. Note that Debian's 2.6.8 kernel packages include the 2.6.8.1 kernel release and selected other patches.

2.1 What's new in the distribution?

This new release of Debian again comes with a lot more software than its predecessor woody; the distribution includes over 9000 new packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: almost 6500 software packages (that is 73% of the number of packages in woody). Also, a significant number of packages has for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as 'obsolete' in package management front-ends.

п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨ Debian GNU/Linux я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ XFree86 4.3, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬пЁп╬ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─п╟ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я┐я│п╬п╡п╣я─я┬п╣п╫я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬п╣ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦п╧, я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╨ Xinerama п╦ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ 3D-пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╦.

Debian GNU/Linux is more desktop orientated than ever in this new release, it now includes GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3. Also included for the first time is a complete office suite in the form of OpenOffice.org 1.1, other productivity tools included in the release are the Evolution groupware software and GAIM instant messaging client.

п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╬п╧ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟п╪п╦ я┌п╣п©п╣я─я▄ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ aptitude. п·п╫п╟ пЁп╬я─п╟п╥п╢п╬ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ apt-get я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п©я─п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡. aptitude п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ apt-get. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣я│я▄ dselect - п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟п╪п╦ aptitude.

The official Debian GNU/Linux distribution now ships on thirteen to fifteen binary CDs (depending on the architecture) and a similar number of source CDs. A DVD version of the distribution is now also available.

2.1.1 п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟ - debian-volatile

п²п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╩я┐п╤п╠п╟, debian-volatile, п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩п╦я┌ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐п╪ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я┌п╣ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╡п╟я▌я┴я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌. п▓ п╦я┘ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌ п╟п╫я┌п╦п╡п╦я─я┐я│п╫я▀п╣ я│п╦пЁп╫п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─я▀ я┬п╟п╠п╩п╬п╫п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ я│п©п╟п╪-я└п╦п╩я▄я┌я─п╬п╡. п░п╢п╪п╦п╫п╦я│я┌я─п╟я┌п╬я─я▀ я│п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡ "volatile.debian.net" я┌п╟п╨ п╤п╣ п╩п╣пЁп╨п╬, п╨п╟п╨ я│п╣п╧я┤п╟я│ п╬п╫п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ "security.debian.org". п▓ я─п╣п╥я┐п╩я▄я┌п╟я┌п╣ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╟я┌ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я│п╬ я│п╡п╣п╤п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╠п╣п╥ я┌я─я┐п╢п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ п╦ я─п╦я│п╨п╬п╡, я│п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╬п╧ я│п╟п╪я▀я┘ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡. п■п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╦ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╥п╣я─п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я│п╟п╧я┌п╬п╡ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╫п╟ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╟.

2.1.2 non-US я┐я│я┌п╟я─п╣п╩

п▓ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ sarge п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я─п╟п╫я▄я┬п╣ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╩п╟пЁп╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡п╣ non-US, п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╣я│п╣п╫я▀ п╡ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬ /etc/apt/sources.list я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦ п╫п╟ non-US - я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╦я┘.

2.2 What's new in the installation system?

The old Debian GNU/Linux installation system has been replaced by a completely new installation system called debian-installer. The new installation system is modular in design and so has been developed with extensibility in mind. It has been fully translated into almost forty languages; additional translations are in progress and may be added in point releases for sarge.

Some of the new features in the installation system include improved hardware detection, support for booting off USB flash devices, the use of aptitude to install packages during configuration of the base system, and support for the XFS file system, RAID and LVM (logical volume management).

For full details on the new Debian installation system, users are advised to read the Debian Installation Guide included on the first CD or available from the release pages. The Installation Guide has been fully translated into eight languages and more are being worked on. Additional translations will be made available from the website when completed.

п≤п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▐ п╬ п╡я▀п©я┐я│п╨п╣ Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (`sarge') п╢п╩я▐ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Alpha